This post presents 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) designed for professionals and engineering students to test their understanding of the Computer Network subject. Each question includes an answer and a clear explanation to reinforce key concepts and prepare for exams.
1. What is a "network" in computing?
Answer:
Explanation:
A computer network refers to a group of interconnected computers that can share resources such as data, files, and hardware devices like printers. These computers are linked by communication protocols and hardware devices like routers and switches.
Networks can vary in size, ranging from small local area networks (LANs) to large wide area networks (WANs), such as the internet. Networks enable collaboration and resource sharing among multiple users or systems.
Understanding the basics of networking is essential for efficient communication and data exchange in modern computing, as most organizations rely on networks for connectivity and data management.
2. What is the "internet"?
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Explanation:
The internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that use standardized communication protocols, such as TCP/IP, to link devices worldwide. It allows the sharing of information and resources across the globe.
Through the internet, users can access a vast range of services such as email, websites, file sharing, and online communication. It plays a fundamental role in everyday activities, including communication, education, and entertainment.
The internet has revolutionized modern life by connecting people, businesses, and institutions across the world, enabling the rapid exchange of information and services.
3. What does "LAN" stand for?
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Explanation:
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that covers a small geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. It enables devices within the same area to connect and share resources like printers, files, and internet access.
LANs are commonly used in environments where multiple computers need to communicate with each other quickly and efficiently. They provide high-speed data transfer and are relatively easy to set up and manage.
LANs form the foundation for larger networks, such as Wide Area Networks (WANs), by connecting multiple local networks to create broader systems like the internet.
4. What is a "router" used for in networking?
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Explanation:
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks, ensuring that the data reaches its intended destination. It directs traffic on the internet by determining the best path for the data to travel.
Routers play a key role in both home and business networks, connecting local devices to the internet and other networks. They manage the flow of data, prevent network congestion, and enhance security by blocking unauthorized traffic.
Without routers, data would not be able to move efficiently between different networks, and users would have difficulty accessing websites and online services.
5. What is a "modem"?
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Explanation:
A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over phone lines or cable and vice versa. It enables computers to communicate over networks like the internet.
Modems are essential for connecting to the internet, particularly in environments where analog phone lines are used. They help translate the computer's digital data into a form that can be transmitted and then converted back into digital form on the receiving end.
With modern broadband internet, modems are often combined with routers in a single device to simplify the setup and provide both internet connectivity and network routing functions.
6. What is "bandwidth" in a network?
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Explanation:
Bandwidth refers to the maximum rate at which data can be transferred over a network or internet connection. It is typically measured in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps).
The higher the bandwidth, the more data can be transmitted at once, allowing for faster downloads, smoother streaming, and better overall performance. Bandwidth is often confused with internet speed, but it refers to capacity rather than speed.
Managing bandwidth is important in network environments to ensure that users have sufficient resources to perform tasks efficiently without overloading the system or causing slowdowns.
7. What is the purpose of an "IP address"?
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Explanation:
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network. It allows devices to communicate with each other by routing data between them through the internet or local networks.
There are two versions of IP addresses: IPv4, which uses a 32-bit address format (e.g., 192.168.1.1), and IPv6, which uses a 128-bit format (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334) to accommodate more devices.
IP addresses are critical for network communication, as they ensure that data is sent to the correct device in a network, making online services, email, and web browsing possible.
8. What is "Wi-Fi"?
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Explanation:
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets to connect to the internet or communicate with each other without the need for physical cables.
Wi-Fi operates over radio frequencies and is commonly used in homes, offices, and public places to provide internet access. It enables users to connect multiple devices to a network without the limitations of wired connections.
Wi-Fi has become a standard feature in most devices, offering flexibility, convenience, and mobility for users who need to stay connected in a variety of locations.
9. What does "ISP" stand for?
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Explanation:
An ISP, or Internet Service Provider, is a company that provides access to the internet for individuals and businesses. ISPs offer services such as broadband, fiber, and satellite connections, allowing users to connect to the web.
ISPs also provide additional services like email hosting, web hosting, and domain registration. Examples of major ISPs include companies like AT&T, Verizon, and Comcast. Users typically pay a monthly subscription fee for internet access.
Choosing a reliable ISP is essential for maintaining a stable and fast internet connection, enabling users to browse the web, stream content, and perform online tasks seamlessly.
10. What is the "TCP/IP" protocol used for?
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Explanation:
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the fundamental protocol that governs how data is transmitted across the internet. It defines how computers communicate and exchange data in a reliable and standardized manner.
TCP breaks down data into smaller packets, ensures they are transmitted correctly, and reassembles them at the destination, while IP handles addressing and routing the packets to the correct recipient using IP addresses.
TCP/IP is essential for the functioning of the internet, allowing computers, servers, and networks to communicate seamlessly and ensuring that data is delivered accurately and in the right order.
11. What is a "switch" in networking?
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Explanation:
A network switch is a device that connects multiple devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, on a local area network (LAN). It allows these devices to communicate with each other by forwarding data packets to the correct destination.
Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and ensure that data is sent only to the device for which it is intended, reducing unnecessary network traffic. They improve the efficiency of data transmission within the network.
Switches are essential for creating local networks in homes, offices, and data centers, enabling devices to share resources and communicate effectively.
12. What is the difference between "IPv4" and "IPv6"?
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Explanation:
The primary difference between IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the size of the address space. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, which allows for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, providing a much larger pool of unique addresses.
IPv6 was introduced to accommodate the growing number of devices connected to the internet, as IPv4 addresses were becoming exhausted. IPv6 also includes improvements in security and routing efficiency compared to IPv4.
Although IPv6 adoption is increasing, many networks still use IPv4 due to compatibility issues, and the two protocols are often used together in a dual-stack configuration.
13. What is "DNS" and what does it do?
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Explanation:
DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that translates human-readable domain names, such as www.example.com, into IP addresses that computers use to communicate with each other over the internet. Without DNS, users would need to remember and enter numeric IP addresses to access websites.
When a user types a domain name into their browser, the DNS system looks up the corresponding IP address and directs the request to the correct server hosting the website. This makes it easier for users to navigate the web using familiar names.
DNS is a critical part of the internet's infrastructure, allowing users to access websites and services by entering simple domain names rather than complex numerical addresses.
14. What is the function of a "MAC address"?
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Explanation:
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to the network interface of a device, such as a computer, router, or smartphone. It is a hardware address that helps distinguish devices on a local network.
MAC addresses are assigned by the device's manufacturer and are used at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Unlike IP addresses, which can change based on network configuration, MAC addresses are permanent and unique to each device.
MAC addresses play a crucial role in network communication, enabling devices to recognize and communicate with each other within a local area network (LAN).
15. What is "ping" used for in networking?
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Explanation:
Ping is a network utility used to test the connectivity between two devices on a network. It sends a series of data packets from one device to another and measures the time it takes for the packets to be received and returned (known as the "round-trip time").
Ping is commonly used to diagnose network problems, such as checking whether a device is reachable or if there are delays in communication. A successful ping response indicates that the device is accessible and the connection is working properly.
The ping command is widely used by network administrators to troubleshoot issues and ensure that devices can communicate effectively across a network.
16. What is "ethernet"?
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Explanation:
Ethernet is a widely used wired networking technology that connects devices within a local area network (LAN). It enables devices such as computers, routers, and switches to communicate with each other by transmitting data over physical cables.
Ethernet networks provide fast, stable, and secure communication between devices and are commonly used in homes, businesses, and data centers. Ethernet cables connect devices to network switches, ensuring reliable data transfer.
Ethernet technology has evolved over time, with newer standards like Gigabit Ethernet offering higher speeds and better performance compared to older versions.
17. What is "bandwidth throttling"?
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Explanation:
Bandwidth throttling occurs when an internet service provider (ISP) intentionally slows down the internet speed for specific users, applications, or websites. This is often done to reduce network congestion or to enforce data usage limits.
Throttling can affect streaming, downloading, and other online activities, leading to slower load times or buffering. ISPs may throttle bandwidth during peak hours or if a user exceeds their data allowance.
While ISPs use throttling to manage network resources, it can negatively impact the user experience, especially for data-intensive activities like video streaming or gaming.
18. What is a "gateway" in networking?
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Explanation:
A gateway is a network device that connects two different networks, such as a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), or a private network and the internet. It acts as a point of entry or exit for data moving between these networks.
Gateways translate data between different network protocols, allowing devices on different networks to communicate with each other. For example, a home router often functions as a gateway, connecting a local network to the internet.
Gateways play a vital role in facilitating communication between disparate networks, enabling seamless data transfer and interaction across multiple systems.
19. What is "network latency"?
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Explanation:
Network latency refers to the delay that occurs between the time data is sent from one device and the time it is received by another device. It is often measured in milliseconds (ms) and can be caused by various factors, such as distance, network congestion, or hardware limitations.
High latency can result in slow loading times, buffering during video streaming, and lag in online gaming. Low latency is essential for real-time applications, such as video conferencing and online gaming, where quick data transmission is crucial.
Reducing network latency improves the user experience by ensuring that data is transmitted and received promptly, leading to smoother and faster communication.
20. What is the role of "NAT" in networking?
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Explanation:
NAT (Network Address Translation) is a technology that translates private IP addresses used within a local network into public IP addresses, which are required for communication on the internet. This allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.
NAT is commonly implemented in routers and helps improve security by masking the internal IP addresses of devices on a local network, making it more difficult for external threats to target them directly.
By using NAT, organizations can conserve public IP addresses while maintaining internet connectivity for all devices within the private network.
21. What is a "subnet" in networking?
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Explanation:
A subnet, or subnetwork, is a smaller network that is part of a larger network. Subnets are used to segment networks into smaller groups of devices, making network management more efficient and improving performance.
Subnets allow network administrators to organize devices based on their physical location or function. This segmentation reduces network congestion, improves security, and makes troubleshooting easier.
Subnets are identified using a subnet mask, which determines how many devices can be in a specific subnet. This is commonly used in large enterprise networks or complex systems with multiple departments.
22. What is "VPN" used for in networking?
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Explanation:
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure, encrypted connection over the internet, allowing users to transmit data privately and securely. It is commonly used to protect sensitive information, especially when accessing public Wi-Fi networks.
By using a VPN, a user can mask their IP address and encrypt their online activity, making it difficult for hackers or third parties to monitor their internet usage. This is especially useful for businesses and individuals concerned about privacy.
VPNs are also used to bypass geographic restrictions, enabling users to access content that may be blocked or restricted in their location.
23. What does "SSID" stand for in wireless networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
SSID stands for Service Set Identifier, and it is the name assigned to a wireless network. This is the name that appears when users search for available Wi-Fi networks on their devices.
Each wireless network has a unique SSID to distinguish it from other networks in the same area. Users must select the correct SSID to connect to their intended network and access the internet or local resources.
Wi-Fi networks can either broadcast their SSID, making it visible to all devices, or hide it, requiring users to manually enter the SSID when connecting to the network.
24. What is the role of "firewalls" in a network?
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Explanation:
Firewalls are network security devices that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. They act as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks like the internet.
Firewalls can be hardware-based or software-based and are used to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. They filter traffic and block potentially harmful data packets from entering the network.
Firewalls are essential for protecting sensitive information, preventing cyberattacks, and maintaining the security and integrity of a network.
25. What is the purpose of "DHCP" in a network?
Answer:
Explanation:
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network. When a device connects to the network, DHCP assigns it a unique IP address from a pool of available addresses.
DHCP simplifies network management by eliminating the need for manually assigning IP addresses to each device. It also ensures that no two devices on the same network have the same IP address, preventing conflicts.
DHCP is commonly used in home and business networks to streamline the process of connecting devices and maintaining proper network configuration.
26. What is "data packet" in networking?
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Explanation:
A data packet is a small unit of data that is transmitted over a network. When data is sent from one device to another, it is broken down into smaller packets to facilitate transmission across the network.
Each packet contains a portion of the original data, along with metadata such as the source and destination IP addresses. Once all packets arrive at the destination, they are reassembled to reconstruct the original message or file.
Data packets are essential for efficient data transmission over networks, including the internet, where large files or messages need to be broken into smaller, manageable units for transfer.
27. What is a "mesh network"?
Answer:
Explanation:
A mesh network is a type of network in which devices, called nodes, connect directly to each other without the need for a central hub or router. Each node acts as a relay, passing data to other nodes until it reaches its destination.
Mesh networks are highly resilient, as they do not rely on a single point of failure. If one node goes down, the network can automatically reroute data through other nodes to ensure uninterrupted connectivity.
This type of network is commonly used in large buildings, smart homes, or outdoor environments where reliable and extensive coverage is required.
28. What is the "OSI model" in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to understand and standardize the functions of a networking system. It divides network communication into seven distinct layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
Each layer has a specific function, and the OSI model helps network professionals troubleshoot issues by isolating problems to a particular layer. For example, the Physical layer deals with the actual hardware connections, while the Application layer deals with user interfaces and software applications.
The OSI model provides a universal language for understanding how data is transmitted across a network and how different devices and protocols interact with each other.
29. What is "network congestion"?
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Explanation:
Network congestion occurs when too much data traffic is transmitted across a network, leading to a slowdown in performance. This can happen when many devices are using the network simultaneously, or when large amounts of data are being transferred.
Congestion can result in delayed data transmission, slow internet speeds, and network interruptions. Network administrators may use techniques such as traffic shaping or bandwidth management to reduce congestion.
Managing network congestion is important for maintaining smooth and efficient network performance, especially in environments where high levels of data traffic are common.
30. What is "SSL" in network security?
Answer:
Explanation:
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a cryptographic protocol that provides encryption and authentication for data transmitted over the internet. It is commonly used to secure web traffic, ensuring that sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card details, is protected from interception.
SSL creates a secure, encrypted link between a user's browser and a web server, preventing third parties from accessing or altering the data being transmitted. Websites that use SSL are identified by the "https" prefix and a padlock symbol in the browser's address bar.
SSL is essential for protecting the privacy and security of online communications, particularly when transmitting sensitive information over the internet.
31. What is "802.11" in wireless networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
802.11 refers to a set of standards developed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) communication. These standards define how wireless devices communicate over Wi-Fi networks.
There are various versions of 802.11, such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac, each offering different speeds and capabilities. The latest versions provide faster data transfer rates and improved performance for wireless devices.
802.11 standards are essential for ensuring compatibility between wireless devices and Wi-Fi networks, enabling smooth and reliable wireless communication.
32. What does "latency" mean in networking?
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Explanation:
Latency in networking refers to the time delay between the moment data is sent from one device and the moment it is received by another device. Latency is often measured in milliseconds (ms).
High latency can result in slower response times, causing delays in data transmission. This can be problematic for applications that require real-time communication, such as video conferencing or online gaming.
Reducing latency is important for improving the speed and efficiency of data transmission, ensuring that users experience smooth and responsive network performance.
33. What is a "proxy server" in networking?
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Explanation:
A proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet. When a user sends a request to access a website, the request first goes to the proxy server, which forwards it to the website and then returns the response to the user.
Proxy servers are used to enhance privacy, improve security, and control access to certain websites or online services. They can also cache web pages to improve loading times for frequently visited websites.
By using a proxy server, users can mask their IP address and access content that may be restricted in their region, adding an extra layer of anonymity to their browsing activities.
34. What does "VoIP" stand for?
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Explanation:
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a technology that allows users to make voice calls over the internet rather than traditional telephone lines. It converts voice signals into digital data packets and transmits them over the internet.
VoIP is commonly used for services like Skype, Zoom, and Google Voice, which enable users to make calls from computers, smartphones, or other internet-connected devices. It often offers lower costs compared to traditional phone services.
VoIP is popular for both personal and business communications, as it provides a flexible, cost-effective way to stay connected through voice and video calls.
35. What is "bandwidth" in a network?
Answer:
Explanation:
Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given period of time. It is typically measured in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps).
Higher bandwidth allows for faster data transfer, enabling smoother streaming, quicker downloads, and better performance in general. It is especially important in high-demand environments like video streaming or online gaming.
Managing bandwidth efficiently is important to ensure that users and devices can perform their tasks without experiencing network slowdowns or congestion.
36. What is "packet switching" in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
Packet switching is a method of data transmission where information is broken down into small units called packets. Each packet is transmitted separately and may take different routes to reach its destination, where it is reassembled into the original message.
Packet switching is used in most modern networks, including the internet, because it allows for more efficient use of network resources and reduces the likelihood of congestion compared to traditional circuit-switched networks.
Packet switching enables flexible, dynamic communication across networks, allowing multiple devices to share the same communication channels effectively.
37. What is a "man-in-the-middle attack" in cybersecurity?
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Explanation:
A man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack is a type of cyberattack where an attacker secretly intercepts and manipulates communication between two parties without their knowledge. The attacker can alter the data being exchanged or steal sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card details.
MitM attacks are often executed on unsecured public Wi-Fi networks, where attackers can intercept data between users and the websites or services they are accessing. Encryption and secure communication protocols, such as HTTPS, can help protect against MitM attacks.
MitM attacks pose serious security threats, making it essential for users and organizations to implement strong encryption and network security measures to prevent unauthorized access to data.
38. What is "traceroute" used for in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path that data takes from one device to another across the internet or a network. It shows each intermediate hop, or network device, that the data passes through on its way to the destination.
By using traceroute, network administrators can identify where delays or issues may be occurring along the route, helping to troubleshoot network problems such as slow connections or network failures.
Traceroute is a valuable tool for analyzing the performance of networks and ensuring that data is being transmitted efficiently and reliably.
39. What is a "private IP address"?
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Explanation:
A private IP address is an IP address that is used within a private network, such as a home or office network. These addresses are not accessible from the internet and are used to communicate between devices within the local network.
Private IP addresses are commonly assigned by a router using DHCP and allow devices like computers, smartphones, and printers to communicate within the local network. Examples of private IP ranges include 192.168.x.x and 10.x.x.x.
Private IP addresses help keep internal network traffic separate from the internet, providing an extra layer of security and organization for local networks.
40. What is "phishing" in cybersecurity?
Answer:
Explanation:
Phishing is a type of cyberattack where attackers send fraudulent messages, often through email, to trick users into revealing sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal identification.
Phishing attacks typically involve fake websites or emails that appear to be from legitimate sources, such as banks or online services, to deceive users into entering their private information. Once attackers obtain this information, they can use it for identity theft or financial fraud.
To protect against phishing, users should be cautious of unsolicited emails, verify the authenticity of requests for sensitive information, and avoid clicking on suspicious links or attachments.
41. What is "multicasting" in networking?
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Explanation:
Multicasting is a networking method where data is sent from one device to a specific group of devices, rather than broadcasting to all devices on a network. It is useful for scenarios like video conferencing or streaming where data needs to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously.
Multicasting helps conserve bandwidth because the data is sent only once and shared by multiple devices, unlike broadcasting, where data is sent to all devices, even those that don't need it.
This method is commonly used in streaming media applications, online gaming, and other services where efficient data transmission to multiple users is required.
42. What is "DNS caching"?
Answer:
Explanation:
DNS caching is the process of storing DNS query results temporarily on a device or local network. This allows future requests for the same domain name to be resolved more quickly by using the cached result rather than querying the DNS server again.
By caching DNS results, devices can load websites faster, as the process of translating domain names into IP addresses is done more efficiently. However, cached information can sometimes become outdated, leading to potential issues in accessing updated websites.
DNS caching improves network performance by reducing the time it takes to resolve domain names and minimizing traffic to external DNS servers.
43. What is "load balancing" in a network?
Answer:
Explanation:
Load balancing is a technique used in networks to distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers. This ensures that no single server is overwhelmed with too much traffic, which can lead to performance issues or downtime.
By spreading the workload evenly, load balancing improves the reliability and efficiency of networks, helping to handle large volumes of traffic, such as during peak times on websites or applications.
Load balancers are used in cloud environments, data centers, and high-traffic websites to ensure optimal performance and availability for users.
44. What is a "peer-to-peer network"?
Answer:
Explanation:
In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, each device (or "peer") shares equal responsibility for processing and distributing data. There is no central server, and all devices can act as both clients and servers, exchanging files and resources directly.
P2P networks are commonly used for file sharing, distributed computing, and decentralized applications. Examples of P2P applications include BitTorrent and blockchain technologies like cryptocurrencies.
Because P2P networks do not rely on a central authority, they are often more resilient and scalable, but they can also raise concerns about security and data privacy.
45. What is "Wi-Fi 6"?
Answer:
Explanation:
Wi-Fi 6, also known as 802.11ax, is a next-generation wireless networking standard that provides faster internet speeds, improved efficiency, and better performance in dense environments compared to its predecessors.
Wi-Fi 6 is designed to handle more connected devices, making it ideal for busy networks like smart homes, offices, and public places. It also offers improved battery life for connected devices due to better power management.
Wi-Fi 6 represents a significant upgrade over previous Wi-Fi standards, offering smoother and more reliable internet connectivity for modern devices.
46. What is "NAT traversal" in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
NAT traversal is a technique used in networking to establish connections between devices that are behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) router. NAT routers hide devices' private IP addresses behind a public IP address, which can complicate direct communication between devices.
NAT traversal methods, such as STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) and TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT), help devices establish peer-to-peer connections by bypassing the limitations of NAT routers.
NAT traversal is commonly used in applications like voice-over-IP (VoIP), video conferencing, and online gaming to ensure seamless communication between devices.
47. What is a "router" in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
A router is a networking device that directs data packets between different networks, such as between a local network (LAN) and the internet (WAN). It helps ensure that data is sent to the correct destination by choosing the best path for the data to travel.
Routers are commonly used in homes and businesses to connect multiple devices to the internet, allowing them to share the same internet connection. They also provide features like NAT, firewall protection, and network security management.
By directing data efficiently, routers play a critical role in managing network traffic and ensuring reliable communication between devices.
48. What is the purpose of "QoS" (Quality of Service) in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
Quality of Service (QoS) is a networking feature that prioritizes certain types of network traffic, such as video streaming, voice calls, or online gaming, to ensure better performance and prevent lag or interruptions.
QoS is especially useful in environments where multiple devices are sharing the same internet connection, as it helps maintain the quality of high-priority applications even when the network is congested with other traffic.
By managing and prioritizing traffic, QoS helps optimize network performance and improve the user experience, particularly for time-sensitive applications.
49. What is "ARP" (Address Resolution Protocol) used for in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a network protocol used to map an IP address to a device's MAC address (Media Access Control address). The MAC address is a unique identifier for network devices, while the IP address is used for communication across networks.
When a device wants to communicate with another device on the same local network, it uses ARP to find the MAC address associated with the destination device's IP address. This allows data to be transmitted to the correct physical device.
ARP is a crucial component of local area networks (LANs) and ensures that devices can communicate with each other by resolving IP addresses to their corresponding hardware addresses.
50. What is "port forwarding" in networking?
Answer:
Explanation:
Port forwarding is a networking technique used to allow external devices to access services or devices on a private network. It works by mapping a specific port on a public IP address to a device on the internal network with a private IP address.
This is commonly used for hosting services like gaming servers, web servers, or remote desktop connections, where external users need to access resources on the local network.
Port forwarding helps overcome NAT limitations and allows seamless communication between external devices and the services running on private networks.
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