Introduction
TestNG is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit but introduces new functionalities that make it more powerful and easier to use. It supports test configurations, parallel execution, dependency testing, data-driven testing, and more. This guide will cover the installation, basic usage, advanced features, and complex examples using TestNG.
Installation
To use TestNG, add the following dependency to your pom.xml if you're using Maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>7.7.0</version> <!-- or the latest version -->
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
For Gradle:
dependencies {
testImplementation 'org.testng:testng:7.7.0' // or the latest version
}
Basic Usage
Setting Up a Test Class
To create a TestNG test class, annotate methods with @Test.
Example
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class BasicTest {
@Test
public void testSum() {
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
int sum = a + b;
Assert.assertEquals(sum, 15, "Sum should be 15");
}
@Test
public void testSubtraction() {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int difference = a - b;
Assert.assertEquals(difference, 5, "Difference should be 5");
}
}
Running the Tests
To run the tests, you can use your IDE or the command line. In Maven, use:
mvn test
Output
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running BasicTest
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.013 s - in BasicTest
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.234 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-05-17T12:00:00
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
Advanced Features
Test Configuration
TestNG allows you to configure methods that run before and after test methods, classes, and suites using annotations like @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, @BeforeSuite, and @AfterSuite.
Example
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class ConfigurationTest {
@BeforeClass
public void beforeClass() {
System.out.println("Before Class");
}
@AfterClass
public void afterClass() {
System.out.println("After Class");
}
@BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
System.out.println("Before Method");
}
@AfterMethod
public void afterMethod() {
System.out.println("After Method");
}
@Test
public void testMethod1() {
System.out.println("Test Method 1");
}
@Test
public void testMethod2() {
System.out.println("Test Method 2");
}
}
Output
Before Class
Before Method
Test Method 1
After Method
Before Method
Test Method 2
After Method
After Class
Parameterized Tests
TestNG supports parameterized tests using @Parameters and @DataProvider.
Example: @Parameters
First, configure parameters in testng.xml:
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Suite">
<test name="Test">
<parameter name="username" value="Ravi" />
<parameter name="age" value="25" />
<classes>
<class name="ParameterizedTest" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
Then, use the parameters in your test class:
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.Assert;
public class ParameterizedTest {
@Test
@Parameters({"username", "age"})
public void testParameters(String username, int age) {
System.out.println("Username: " + username);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
Assert.assertEquals(username, "Ravi");
Assert.assertEquals(age, 25);
}
}
Output
Username: Ravi
Age: 25
Example: @DataProvider
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.Assert;
public class DataProviderTest {
@DataProvider(name = "userData")
public Object[][] userDataProvider() {
return new Object[][] {
{"Sita", 20},
{"Lakshman", 30},
{"Ram", 40}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider = "userData")
public void testDataProvider(String name, int age) {
System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age);
Assert.assertNotNull(name);
Assert.assertTrue(age > 0);
}
}
Output
Name: Sita, Age: 20
Name: Lakshman, Age: 30
Name: Ram, Age: 40
Dependency Testing
TestNG allows you to create dependent tests using the dependsOnMethods and dependsOnGroups attributes.
Example
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class DependencyTest {
@Test
public void init() {
System.out.println("Init");
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = "init")
public void testMethod() {
System.out.println("Test Method");
}
}
Output
Init
Test Method
Grouping Tests
You can group tests into logical groups and run them together.
Example
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class GroupTest {
@Test(groups = "sanity")
public void testMethod1() {
System.out.println("Sanity Test Method 1");
}
@Test(groups = "sanity")
public void testMethod2() {
System.out.println("Sanity Test Method 2");
}
@Test(groups = "regression")
public void testMethod3() {
System.out.println("Regression Test Method 1");
}
}
Running Groups in testng.xml
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Suite">
<test name="Test">
<groups>
<run>
<include name="sanity" />
</run>
</groups>
<classes>
<class name="GroupTest" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
Output
Sanity Test Method 1
Sanity Test Method 2
Parallel Execution
TestNG supports running tests in parallel, which can significantly reduce the execution time.
Example
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Suite" parallel="methods" thread-count="3">
<test name="Test">
<classes>
<class name="ParallelTest" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class ParallelTest {
@Test
public void testMethod1() {
System.out.println("Test Method 1 - " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
@Test
public void testMethod2() {
System.out.println("Test Method 2 - " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
@Test
public void testMethod3() {
System.out.println("Test Method 3 - " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
}
Output
Test Method 1 - 11
Test Method 2 - 12
Test Method 3 - 13
Complex Examples
Example: End-to-End Test Scenario
Let's consider a more complex example where we have to test a login feature of an application.
Example
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class LoginTest {
@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] loginDataProvider() {
return new Object[][] {
{"Ravi", "password123", true},
{"Lakshmi", "wrongpassword", false},
{"Arjun", "password456", true},
{"Meera", "password789", false}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLogin(String username, String password, boolean expectedResult) {
boolean result = login(username, password);
System.out.println("Username: " + username + ", Password: " + password + ", Expected Result: " + expectedResult + ", Actual Result
: " + result);
Assert.assertEquals(result, expectedResult);
}
public boolean login(String username, String password) {
// Simulate login logic
if ("Ravi".equals(username) && "password123".equals(password)) {
return true;
} else if ("Arjun".equals(username) && "password456".equals(password)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
Output
Username: Ravi, Password: password123, Expected Result: true, Actual Result: true
Username: Lakshmi, Password: wrongpassword, Expected Result: false, Actual Result: false
Username: Arjun, Password: password456, Expected Result: true, Actual Result: true
Username: Meera, Password: password789, Expected Result: false, Actual Result: false
Example: API Testing
TestNG can also be used to test REST APIs. Here is an example using the RestAssured library.
Add RestAssured Dependency
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>5.1.1</version> <!-- or the latest version -->
</dependency>
Example
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class ApiTest {
@Test
public void testGetUser() {
Response response = RestAssured.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/1");
System.out.println("Response: " + response.asString());
Assert.assertEquals(response.getStatusCode(), 200);
}
@Test
public void testCreateUser() {
String requestBody = "{ \"name\": \"Raj\", \"username\": \"rajkumar\", \"email\": \"raj@example.com\" }";
Response response = RestAssured.given()
.header("Content-Type", "application/json")
.body(requestBody)
.post("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users");
System.out.println("Response: " + response.asString());
Assert.assertEquals(response.getStatusCode(), 201);
}
}
Output
Response: {user data...}
Response: {created user data...}
Conclusion
TestNG is a powerful and flexible testing framework for Java that supports various testing needs, including unit tests, integration tests, end-to-end tests, and API tests. This tutorial covered the basics of TestNG, including creating test classes, running tests, parameterized tests, dependency testing, grouping, and parallel execution. Additionally, we explored more complex examples like end-to-end testing scenarios and API testing.
By leveraging TestNG, you can enhance your testing capabilities and ensure the quality and reliability of your Java applications. For more detailed information and advanced features, refer to the official TestNG documentation.
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