1. Introduction
Python offers several data structures like lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries, each with its unique characteristics. A list is an ordered and mutable collection of items. A tuple is similar to a list but immutable. A set is an unordered collection of unique items, and a dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.
2. Key Points
1. Mutability: Lists and dictionaries are mutable; tuples and sets are immutable.
2. Ordering: Lists and tuples are ordered; sets and dictionaries are unordered.
3. Syntax: Lists use [], tuples (), sets {}, and dictionaries {key: value}.
4. Uniqueness: Sets enforce unique elements.
3. Differences
| Feature | List | Tuple | Set | Dictionary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutability | Mutable | Immutable | Immutable | Mutable |
| Ordering | Ordered | Ordered | Unordered | Unordered |
| Syntax | Square brackets [] | Parentheses () | Curly braces {} | Curly braces {} with key: value |
| Uniqueness | Allows duplicates | Allows duplicates | Unique elements only | Keys are unique |
4. Example
# Example of a List
my_list = [1, 'two', 3.0]
# Example of a Tuple
my_tuple = (1, 'two', 3.0)
# Example of a Set
my_set = {1, 2, 2, 3}
# Example of a Dictionary
my_dict = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
Output:
List:
[1, 'two', 3.0]
Tuple:
(1, 'two', 3.0)
Set:
{1, 2, 3}
Dictionary:
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
Explanation:
1. The list my_list shows a collection of ordered and mutable items.
2. The tuple my_tuple is similar to a list but immutable.
3. The set my_set shows unique elements only, even though 2 is added twice.
4. The dictionary my_dict stores data in key-value pairs with unique keys.
5. When to use?
- Use lists for an ordered collection of items that may need to change.
- Use tuples for ordered collections that do not need to change.
- Use sets when you need to ensure all elements are unique and order is not important.
- Use dictionaries for storing related information as key-value pairs for quick lookups.
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