Spring Data JPA Many to Many Unidirectional Mapping

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In this tutorial, we will learn how to implement many-to-many domain model Unidirectional mapping using Spring Data JPA (Hibernate as JPA provider).

Check out Spring Data JPA Many to Many Bidirectional Mapping

We will take the User and the Role entities to perform Many to Many unidirectional mapping.

The many-to-many relationship is implemented using a third table called the join table which contains foreign keys for each table.

In unidirectional mapping, we use @ManyToMany annotation on the source entity (User).

Check out my Udemy course to Learn Spring Data JPA: Master Spring Data JPA with Hibernate

Many to Many Unidirectional Mapping - ER Diagram

The many-to-many relationship is implemented using a third table called users_roles which contains foreign keys for users and the roles table.

1. Creating Spring Boot Project

Spring Boot provides a web tool called https://start.spring.io to bootstrap an application quickly. Just go to https://start.spring.io and generate a new spring boot project.

Use the below details in the Spring boot creation:

Project Name: spring-data-jpa-course

Project Type: Maven

Choose dependencies:  Spring Data JPA, MySQL Driver, Lombok

Package name: net.javaguides.springboot

2. Maven Dependencies

Here is the complete pom.xml for your reference:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>3.0.4</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>net.javaguides</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-data-jpa-course</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-data-jpa-course</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>17</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

3. Configure MySQL database

Let's use the MySQL database to store and retrieve the data in this example and we gonna use Hibernate properties to create and drop tables.

Open the application.properties file and add the following configuration to it:

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=Mysql@123

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = create-drop

Make sure that you will create a demo database before running the Spring boot application.

Also, change the MySQL username and password as per your MySQL installation on your machine.

4. Create JPA Entities

Let's create an entity package inside a base package "net.javaguides.springboot".

Within the entity package, create User and Role classes with the following content:

User.java

package com.springdatajpa.springboot.entity;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

import jakarta.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Getter
@Setter
@Entity
@Table(
        name = "users",
        uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(
                name = "unique_email",
                columnNames = "email"
        )
)
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long id;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String email;
    private String password;

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinTable(
            name = "users_roles",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn(
                    name = "user_id", referencedColumnName = "id"
            ),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(
                    name = "role_id", referencedColumnName = "id"
            )
    )
    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
}

Role.java

package com.springdatajpa.springboot.entity;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

import jakarta.persistence.*;

@Getter
@Setter
@Entity
@Table(name = "roles")
public class Role {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long id;
    private String name;
}

5. Create Spring Data JPA Repositories

Next, let's create Spring Data JPA repositories to access the User and Role entities from the database.

The JpaRepository interface defines methods for all the CRUD operations on the entity, and a default implementation of the JpaRepository called SimpleJpaRepository.

Let's create a repository package inside a base package "net.javaguides.springdatarest".

Within the repository package, create UserRepository and RoleRepository interfaces with the following content:

UserRepository.java

package com.springdatajpa.springboot.repository;

import com.springdatajpa.springboot.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}

RoleRepository.java

package com.springdatajpa.springboot.repository;

import com.springdatajpa.springboot.entity.Role;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface RoleRepository extends JpaRepository<Role, Long> {
}

6. Testing Many to Many Unidirectional Mapping

Let's write the JUnit test to perform CRUD operations on many-to-many unidirectional mapping using Spring Data JPA:

package com.springdatajpa.springboot.repository;

import com.springdatajpa.springboot.entity.Role;
import com.springdatajpa.springboot.entity.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class ManyToManyUnidirectionalTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    void saveUser(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setFirstName("ramesh");
        user.setLastName("fadatare");
        user.setEmail("ramesh@gmail.com");
        user.setPassword("secrete");

        Role admin = new Role();
        admin.setName("ROLE_ADMIN");

        Role customer = new Role();
        customer.setName("ROLE_CUSTOMER");

        user.getRoles().add(admin);
        user.getRoles().add(customer);

        userRepository.save(user);
    }

    @Test
    void updateUser(){
        User user = userRepository.findById(1L).get();
        user.setFirstName("ram");
        user.setEmail("ram@gmail.com");

        Role roleUser = new Role();
        roleUser.setName("ROLE_USER");

        user.getRoles().add(roleUser);

        userRepository.save(user);
    }

    @Test
    void fetchUser(){
        User user = userRepository.findById(1L).get();
        System.out.println(user.getEmail());
        user.getRoles().forEach((r) -> {
            System.out.println(r.getName());
        });
    }

    @Test
    void deleteUser(){
        userRepository.deleteById(1L);
    }
}

Save User will also save associated roles:

    @Test
    void saveUser(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setFirstName("ramesh");
        user.setLastName("fadatare");
        user.setEmail("ramesh@gmail.com");
        user.setPassword("secrete");

        Role admin = new Role();
        admin.setName("ROLE_ADMIN");

        Role customer = new Role();
        customer.setName("ROLE_CUSTOMER");

        user.getRoles().add(admin);
        user.getRoles().add(customer);

        userRepository.save(user);
    }

Update User will also update associated roles:

    @Test
    void updateUser(){
        User user = userRepository.findById(1L).get();
        user.setFirstName("ram");
        user.setEmail("ram@gmail.com");

        Role roleUser = new Role();
        roleUser.setName("ROLE_USER");

        user.getRoles().add(roleUser);

        userRepository.save(user);
    }

Fetch User will also fetch its associated roles:

    @Test
    void fetchUser(){
        User user = userRepository.findById(1L).get();
        System.out.println(user.getEmail());
        user.getRoles().forEach((r) -> {
            System.out.println(r.getName());
        });
    }

Delete User will also delete its associated roles:

    @Test
    void deleteUser(){
        userRepository.deleteById(1L);
    }

Udemy Course

Check out my Udemy course to Learn Spring Data JPA: Master Spring Data JPA with Hibernate

Related Spring Data JPA Tutorials

• Spring Data JPA One-to-One Unidirectional Mapping
• Spring Data JPA One to One Bidirectional Mapping
• Spring Data JPA One to Many Unidirectional Mapping
• Spring Data JPA One to Many Bidirectional Mapping
• Spring Data JPA Many to Many Unidirectional Mapping
• Spring Data JPA Many to Many Bidirectional Mapping

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