Spring Boot Integration Testing CRUD REST API with MySQL Database

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In this tutorial, we will learn how to perform Integration testing Spring boot application using @SpringBootTest annotation.

We use MySQL database to store and retrieve the data.

If you want to learn more about Spring boot testing then highly suggest my Udemy course: Testing Spring Boot Application with JUnit and Mockito (Includes Testcontainers)

Let's first take a look at the overview of @SpringBootTest annotation.

@SpringBootTest Annotation

Spring Boot provides @SpringBootTest annotation for Integration testing. This annotation creates an application context and loads the full application context.

@SpringBootTest will bootstrap the full application context, which means we can @Autowire any bean that's picked up by component scanning into our test.

It starts the embedded server, creates a web environment, and then enables @Test methods to do integration testing.

By default, @SpringBootTest  does not start a server. We need to add the attribute webEnvironment to further refine how your tests run. It has several options: 
  • MOCK(Default): Loads a web ApplicationContext and provides a mock web environment.
  • RANDOM_PORT: Loads a WebServerApplicationContext and provides a real web environment. The embedded server is started and listened to a random port. This is the one that should be used for the integration test.
  • DEFINED_PORT: Loads a WebServerApplicationContext and provides a real web environment. NONE: Loads an ApplicationContext by using SpringApplication but does not provide any web environment.

Tools and technologies used

  • Java 11+
  • Spring Boot
  • Spring Data JPA
  • MySQL
  • Lombok
  • JUnit 5 Framework
  • IntelliJ IDEA
  • Docker
  • Maven

What is Integration Testing

As the name suggests, integration tests focus on integrating different layers of the application. That also means no mocking is involved.

Basically, we write integration tests for testing a feature that may involve interaction with multiple components.

Examples: Integration testing of complete Employee Management Feature ( EmployeeRepository, EmployeeService, EmployeeController). 

Integration testing of complete User Management Feature (UserController, UserService, and UserRepository). 

Integration testing of complete Login Feature (LoginRespository, LoginController, Login Service), etc

1. Create Spring Boot Application

Using spring initialize, create a Spring Boot project and add the following dependencies:
  • Spring Web
  • Spring Data JPA
  • Lombok
  • MySQL Driver
Generate the Spring boot project as a zip file, extract it, and import it into IntelliJ IDEA.

2. Configure MySQL database

Let's use the MySQL database to store and retrieve the data in this example and we gonna use Hibernate properties to create and drop tables.

Open the application.properties file and add the following configuration to it:
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=Mysql@123

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = create-drop
Make sure that you will create a demo database before running the Spring boot application.
Also, change the MySQL username and password as per your MySQL installation on your machine.

3. Create JPA Entity

Next, let's create an Employee JPA entity with the following content:
import lombok.*;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Setter
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder

@Entity
@Table(name = "employees")
public class Employee {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long id;

    @Column(name = "first_name", nullable = false)
    private String firstName;

    @Column(name = "last_name", nullable = false)
    private String lastName;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String email;
}
Note that we are using Lombok annotations to reduce the boilerplate code.

@Entity annotation is used to mark the class as a persistent Java class.

@Table annotation is used to provide the details of the table that this entity will be mapped to.
@Id annotation is used to define the primary key.
@GeneratedValue annotation is used to define the primary key generation strategy. In the above case, we have declared the primary key to be an Auto Increment field.
@Column annotation is used to define the properties of the column that will be mapped to the annotated field. You can define several properties like name, length, nullable, updateable, etc.

4. Create Repository Layer

Let's create EmployeeRepository which extends the JpaRepository interface:
import net.javaguides.springboot.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, Long> {

}

5. Create Service Layer

EmployeeService

Let's create an EmployeeService interface with CRUD methods:
import net.javaguides.springboot.model.Employee;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

public interface EmployeeService {
    Employee saveEmployee(Employee employee);
    List<Employee> getAllEmployees();
    Optional<Employee> getEmployeeById(long id);
    Employee updateEmployee(Employee updatedEmployee);
    void deleteEmployee(long id);
}

EmployeeServiceImpl

Let's create an EmployeeServiceImpl class that implements the EmployeeService interface:

import net.javaguides.springboot.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
import net.javaguides.springboot.model.Employee;
import net.javaguides.springboot.repository.EmployeeRepository;
import net.javaguides.springboot.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

@Service
public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {

    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;

    public EmployeeServiceImpl(EmployeeRepository employeeRepository) {
        this.employeeRepository = employeeRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public Employee saveEmployee(Employee employee) {

        Optional<Employee> savedEmployee = employeeRepository.findByEmail(employee.getEmail());
        if(savedEmployee.isPresent()){
            throw new ResourceNotFoundException("Employee already exist with given email:" + employee.getEmail());
        }
        return employeeRepository.save(employee);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Employee> getAllEmployees() {
        return employeeRepository.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Employee> getEmployeeById(long id) {
        return employeeRepository.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public Employee updateEmployee(Employee updatedEmployee) {
        return employeeRepository.save(updatedEmployee);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteEmployee(long id) {
        employeeRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
}

6. Controller Layer

Let's create CRUD REST APIs for creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting an Employee:
import net.javaguides.springboot.model.Employee;
import net.javaguides.springboot.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/employees")
public class EmployeeController {

    private EmployeeService employeeService;

    public EmployeeController(EmployeeService employeeService) {
        this.employeeService = employeeService;
    }

    @PostMapping
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
    public Employee createEmployee(@RequestBody Employee employee){
        return employeeService.saveEmployee(employee);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<Employee> getAllEmployees(){
        return employeeService.getAllEmployees();
    }

    @GetMapping("{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Employee> getEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") long employeeId){
        return employeeService.getEmployeeById(employeeId)
                .map(ResponseEntity::ok)
                .orElseGet(() -> ResponseEntity.notFound().build());
    }

    @PutMapping("{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Employee> updateEmployee(@PathVariable("id") long employeeId,
                                                   @RequestBody Employee employee){
        return employeeService.getEmployeeById(employeeId)
                .map(savedEmployee -> {

                    savedEmployee.setFirstName(employee.getFirstName());
                    savedEmployee.setLastName(employee.getLastName());
                    savedEmployee.setEmail(employee.getEmail());

                    Employee updatedEmployee = employeeService.updateEmployee(savedEmployee);
                    return new ResponseEntity<>(updatedEmployee, HttpStatus.OK);

                })
                .orElseGet(() -> ResponseEntity.notFound().build());
    }

    @DeleteMapping("{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<String> deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id") long employeeId){

        employeeService.deleteEmployee(employeeId);

        return new ResponseEntity<String>("Employee deleted successfully!.", HttpStatus.OK);

    }
}

7. Writing Integration Tests for CRUD REST API's

Now, let's create Integration JUnit tests for CRUD REST APIs. We gonna use the @SpringBootTest annotation to run Integration tests with respect to the MySQL database.
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import net.javaguides.springboot.model.Employee;
import net.javaguides.springboot.repository.EmployeeRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.willDoNothing;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class EmployeeControllerITests {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @BeforeEach
    void setup(){
        employeeRepository.deleteAll();
    }

    @Test
    public void givenEmployeeObject_whenCreateEmployee_thenReturnSavedEmployee() throws Exception{

        // given - precondition or setup
        Employee employee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ramesh")
                .lastName("Fadatare")
                .email("ramesh@gmail.com")
                .build();

        // when - action or behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(post("/api/employees")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee)));

        // then - verify the result or output using assert statements
        response.andDo(print()).
                andExpect(status().isCreated())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.firstName",
                        is(employee.getFirstName())))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.lastName",
                        is(employee.getLastName())))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email",
                        is(employee.getEmail())));

    }

    // JUnit test for Get All employees REST API
    @Test
    public void givenListOfEmployees_whenGetAllEmployees_thenReturnEmployeesList() throws Exception{
        // given - precondition or setup
        List<Employee> listOfEmployees = new ArrayList<>();
        listOfEmployees.add(Employee.builder().firstName("Ramesh").lastName("Fadatare").email("ramesh@gmail.com").build());
        listOfEmployees.add(Employee.builder().firstName("Tony").lastName("Stark").email("tony@gmail.com").build());
        employeeRepository.saveAll(listOfEmployees);
        // when -  action or the behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(get("/api/employees"));

        // then - verify the output
        response.andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.size()",
                        is(listOfEmployees.size())));

    }

    // positive scenario - valid employee id
    // JUnit test for GET employee by id REST API
    @Test
    public void givenEmployeeId_whenGetEmployeeById_thenReturnEmployeeObject() throws Exception{
        // given - precondition or setup
        Employee employee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ramesh")
                .lastName("Fadatare")
                .email("ramesh@gmail.com")
                .build();
        employeeRepository.save(employee);

        // when -  action or the behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(get("/api/employees/{id}", employee.getId()));

        // then - verify the output
        response.andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.firstName", is(employee.getFirstName())))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.lastName", is(employee.getLastName())))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email", is(employee.getEmail())));

    }

    // negative scenario - valid employee id
    // JUnit test for GET employee by id REST API
    @Test
    public void givenInvalidEmployeeId_whenGetEmployeeById_thenReturnEmpty() throws Exception{
        // given - precondition or setup
        long employeeId = 1L;
        Employee employee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ramesh")
                .lastName("Fadatare")
                .email("ramesh@gmail.com")
                .build();
        employeeRepository.save(employee);

        // when -  action or the behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(get("/api/employees/{id}", employeeId));

        // then - verify the output
        response.andExpect(status().isNotFound())
                .andDo(print());

    }

    // JUnit test for update employee REST API - positive scenario
    @Test
    public void givenUpdatedEmployee_whenUpdateEmployee_thenReturnUpdateEmployeeObject() throws Exception{
        // given - precondition or setup
        Employee savedEmployee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ramesh")
                .lastName("Fadatare")
                .email("ramesh@gmail.com")
                .build();
        employeeRepository.save(savedEmployee);

        Employee updatedEmployee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ram")
                .lastName("Jadhav")
                .email("ram@gmail.com")
                .build();

        // when -  action or the behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(put("/api/employees/{id}", savedEmployee.getId())
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(updatedEmployee)));


        // then - verify the output
        response.andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.firstName", is(updatedEmployee.getFirstName())))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.lastName", is(updatedEmployee.getLastName())))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email", is(updatedEmployee.getEmail())));
    }

    // JUnit test for update employee REST API - negative scenario
    @Test
    public void givenUpdatedEmployee_whenUpdateEmployee_thenReturn404() throws Exception{
        // given - precondition or setup
        long employeeId = 1L;
        Employee savedEmployee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ramesh")
                .lastName("Fadatare")
                .email("ramesh@gmail.com")
                .build();
        employeeRepository.save(savedEmployee);

        Employee updatedEmployee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ram")
                .lastName("Jadhav")
                .email("ram@gmail.com")
                .build();

        // when -  action or the behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(put("/api/employees/{id}", employeeId)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(updatedEmployee)));

        // then - verify the output
        response.andExpect(status().isNotFound())
                .andDo(print());
    }

    // JUnit test for delete employee REST API
    @Test
    public void givenEmployeeId_whenDeleteEmployee_thenReturn200() throws Exception{
        // given - precondition or setup
        Employee savedEmployee = Employee.builder()
                .firstName("Ramesh")
                .lastName("Fadatare")
                .email("ramesh@gmail.com")
                .build();
        employeeRepository.save(savedEmployee);

        // when -  action or the behaviour that we are going test
        ResultActions response = mockMvc.perform(delete("/api/employees/{id}", savedEmployee.getId()));

        // then - verify the output
        response.andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print());
    }
}

8. Demo

Here is the output of the above Integration test cases:

9. Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have discussed how to perform Spring Boot Integration testing with MySQL using @SpringBootTest annotation.

If you want to learn more about Spring boot testing then highly suggest my Udemy course: Testing Spring Boot Application with JUnit and Mockito (Includes Testcontainers)

Related Spring and Spring Boot Tutorials/Guides:

Spring Boot Tutorials [500+] Spring Boot Testing Tutorial Spring Boot Microservice Tutorial Spring Boot Kafka Microservices Spring Boot + Apache Kafka Tutorial Spring Core Tutorial Spring MVC Tutorial Spring Data JPA Tutorial Spring Framework for Beginners Spring AOP Tutorial Spring Security Tutorial Spring Exceptions Tutorial Spring Boot Interview Questions Spring Boot Microservices Interview Questions Apache Kafka Tutorials Docker Tutorials and Guides Spring Boot RabbitMQ Tutorials Angular CRUD Example with Spring Boot Spring Boot + Angular 12 CRUD Full Stack Spring Boot + Angular 8 CRUD Full Stack Spring Boot + Angular 10 CRUD Full Stack Spring Boot + React JS CRUD Full Stack React JS ( React Hooks) + Spring Boot Spring Boot Thymeleaf CRUD Full Stack Spring Boot User Registration and Login Node Js + Express + MongoDB CRUD Vue JS + Spring Boot REST API Tutorial

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