Spring Boot REST API Pagination and Sorting Example

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In this tutorial, we will learn how to develop a Spring boot REST API that supports pagination and sorting.

You may be interested in the below pagination and sorting tutorial:

Pagination and Sorting with Spring Boot, ThymeLeaf, Spring Data JPA, Hibernate, MySQL

As you know, pagination allows the users to see a small portion of data at a time (a page), and sorting allows the users to view the data in a more organized way. Both paging and sorting help the users consume information more easily and conveniently.

Spring Data JPRA - PagingAndSortingRepository 

To use paging and sorting APIs provided by Spring Data JPA, your repository interface must extend the PagingAndSortingRepository interface which defines the following couple of methods (T refers to an entity class):
@NoRepositoryBean
public interface PagingAndSortingRepository < T, ID > extends CrudRepository < T, ID > {

    /**
     * Returns all entities sorted by the given options.
     *
     * @param sort
     * @return all entities sorted by the given options
     */
    Iterable < T > findAll(Sort sort);

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Page} of entities meeting the paging restriction provided in the {@code Pageable} object.
     *
     * @param pageable
     * @return a page of entities
     */
    Page < T > findAll(Pageable pageable);
}
JpaRepository interface extends the PagingAndSortingRepository interface so if your repository interface is of type JpaRepository, you don’t have to make a change to it.
For example the PostRepository interface extends JpaRepository:
package com.springboot.blog.repository;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.Post;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface PostRepository extends JpaRepository<Post, Long> {

}

Example for pagination and sorting - use the following code snippet to get the first page from the database, with 10 items per page and sort by title in ASC order:

long pageNo = 1;
pageSize = 10;
String sortBy = "title";
String sortDir = "ASC";

Sort sort = sortDir.equalsIgnoreCase(Sort.Direction.ASC.name()) ? Sort.by(sortBy).ascending()
		: Sort.by(sortBy).descending();

// create Pageable instance
Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageNo, pageSize, sort);

Page<Post> posts = postRepository.findAll(pageable);

// get content for page object
List<Post> listOfPosts = posts.getContent();

Spring Boot Pagination and Sorting Complete Example

Let's create a Spring boot project from the scratch and demonstrates the usage of pagination and sorting in Spring boot.

1. Create Spring boot application

Spring Boot provides a web tool called Spring Initializer to bootstrap an application quickly. Just go to https://start.spring.io/ and generate a new spring boot project.

Use the below details in the Spring boot creation:

Project Name: springboot-blog-rest-api

Project Type: Maven

Choose dependencies: Spring Web, Lombok, Spring Data JPA, Dev Tools, and MySQL Driver

Package name: net.javaguides.springboot

Packaging: Jar

Download the Spring Boot project as a zip file, unzip it and import it in your favorite IDE.

2. Maven Dependencies

Here is the pom.xml file for your reference:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>3.0.0</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.springboot.blog</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot-blog-rest-api</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springboot-blog-rest-api</name>
	<description>Spring boot blog application rest api&apos;s</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>17</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

3. Configure MySQL Database

Let's first create a database in MySQL server using the below command:
create database myblog
Since we’re using MySQL as our database, we need to configure the database URL, username, and password so that Spring can establish a connection with the database on startup. Open src/main/resources/application.properties file and add the following properties to it:
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myblog?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = root

# hibernate properties
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

logging.level.org.springframework.security=DEBUG

4. Model Layer - Create JPA Entity

Let's create a Post JPA entity:
package com.springboot.blog.entity;

import lombok.*;

import jakarta.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor

@Entity
@Table(
        name = "posts", uniqueConstraints = {@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"title"})}
)
public class Post {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(
            strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY
    )
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "title", nullable = false)
    private String title;

    @Column(name = "description", nullable = false)
    private String description;

    @Column(name = "content", nullable = false)
    private String content;

}

5. Repository Layer

Let's create a PostRepository to retrieve and save post records in the MySQL database:
package com.springboot.blog.repository;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.Post;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface PostRepository extends JpaRepository<Post, Long> {

}

6. Service Layer

PostService

package com.springboot.blog.service;

import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostDto;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostResponse;

import java.util.List;

public interface PostService {
    PostDto createPost(PostDto postDto);

    PostResponse getAllPosts(int pageNo, int pageSize, String sortBy, String sortDir);
}

PostServiceImpl

package com.springboot.blog.service.impl;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.Post;
import com.springboot.blog.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostDto;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostResponse;
import com.springboot.blog.repository.PostRepository;
import com.springboot.blog.service.PostService;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@Service
public class PostServiceImpl implements PostService {

    private PostRepository postRepository;

    public PostServiceImpl(PostRepository postRepository) {
          this.postRepository = postRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public PostDto createPost(PostDto postDto) {

        // convert DTO to entity
        Post post = mapToEntity(postDto);
        Post newPost = postRepository.save(post);

        // convert entity to DTO
        PostDto postResponse = mapToDTO(newPost);
        return postResponse;
    }

    @Override
    public PostResponse getAllPosts(int pageNo, int pageSize, String sortBy, String sortDir) {

        Sort sort = sortDir.equalsIgnoreCase(Sort.Direction.ASC.name()) ? Sort.by(sortBy).ascending()
                : Sort.by(sortBy).descending();

        // create Pageable instance
        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageNo, pageSize, sort);

        Page<Post> posts = postRepository.findAll(pageable);

        // get content for page object
        List<Post> listOfPosts = posts.getContent();

        List<PostDto> content= listOfPosts.stream().map(post -> mapToDTO(post)).collect(Collectors.toList());

        PostResponse postResponse = new PostResponse();
        postResponse.setContent(content);
        postResponse.setPageNo(posts.getNumber());
        postResponse.setPageSize(posts.getSize());
        postResponse.setTotalElements(posts.getTotalElements());
        postResponse.setTotalPages(posts.getTotalPages());
        postResponse.setLast(posts.isLast());

        return postResponse;
    }

    // convert Entity into DTO
    private PostDto mapToDTO(Post post){
        PostDto postDto = new PostDto();
        postDto.setId(post.getId());
        postDto.setTitle(post.getTitle());
        postDto.setDescription(post.getDescription());
        postDto.setContent(post.getContent());
        return postDto;
    }

    // convert DTO to entity
    private Post mapToEntity(PostDto postDto){
        Post post = new Post();
        post.setTitle(postDto.getTitle());
        post.setDescription(postDto.getDescription());
        post.setContent(postDto.getContent());
        return post;
    }
}

7. DTO Classes

PostDto

package com.springboot.blog.service.impl;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.Post;
import com.springboot.blog.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostDto;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostResponse;
import com.springboot.blog.repository.PostRepository;
import com.springboot.blog.service.PostService;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

package com.springboot.blog.payload;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.Set;

@Data
public class PostDto {
    private long id;
    private String title;
    private String description;
    private String content;
    private Set<CommentDto> comments;
}

PostResponse

package com.springboot.blog.payload;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.List;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class PostResponse {
    private List<PostDto> content;
    private int pageNo;
    private int pageSize;
    private long totalElements;
    private int totalPages;
    private boolean last;
}

8. Controller Layer

Let's create a REST API ( get all posts) that supports pagination and sorting features:
package com.springboot.blog.controller;

import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostDto;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.PostResponse;
import com.springboot.blog.service.PostService;
import com.springboot.blog.utils.AppConstants;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/posts")
public class PostController {

    private PostService postService;

    public PostController(PostService postService) {
        this.postService = postService;
    }

    // create blog post rest api
    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<PostDto> createPost(@RequestBody PostDto postDto){
        return new ResponseEntity<>(postService.createPost(postDto), HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    // get all posts rest api
    @GetMapping
    public PostResponse getAllPosts(
            @RequestParam(value = "pageNo", defaultValue = AppConstants.DEFAULT_PAGE_NUMBER, required = false) int pageNo,
            @RequestParam(value = "pageSize", defaultValue = AppConstants.DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE, required = false) int pageSize,
            @RequestParam(value = "sortBy", defaultValue = AppConstants.DEFAULT_SORT_BY, required = false) String sortBy,
            @RequestParam(value = "sortDir", defaultValue = AppConstants.DEFAULT_SORT_DIRECTION, required = false) String sortDir
    ){
        return postService.getAllPosts(pageNo, pageSize, sortBy, sortDir);
    }

}

Create a class AppConstants and add the following code to it:

package com.springboot.blog.utils;

public class AppConstants {

    public static final String DEFAULT_PAGE_NUMBER = "0";
    public  static final String DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE = "10";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_BY = "id";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_DIRECTION = "asc";

}

Note that the default page number is 0 and the default page size is 10.

9. Demo

In this demo, the default page number is 0, the page size is 10, the default sort column is ‘id’ and the default sort type is ASC.

Now invoke these URLs one by one and observe the outputs.

http://localhost:8080/api/posts?pageSize=5

http://localhost:8080/api/posts?pageSize=5&pageNo=1

http://localhost:8080/api/posts?pageSize=5&pageNo=2

http://localhost:8080/api/posts?pageSize=5&pageNo=1&sortBy=title

http://localhost:8080/api/posts?pageSize=5&pageNo=1&sortBy=title&sortDir=asc

Tested using Postman:


GitHub Repository

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