Login and Registration REST API using Spring Boot, Spring Security, Hibernate and MySQL Database

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In this tutorial, you will learn how to build login or sign-in and registration or signup REST API using Spring boot, Spring Security, Hibernate, and MySQL database.

We will create login and registration REST APIs for a simple Blog application.

Tools and Technologies Used

• Spring Boot 3
• JDK - 17 or later
• Spring MVC
• Spring Security 6
• Hibernate
• Maven
• Spring Data JPA
• IDE - Eclipse or Spring Tool Suite (STS) or IntelliJ IDEA // Any IDE works
• MYSQL

1. Create a Spring boot application

Spring Boot provides a web tool called Spring Initializer to quickly bootstrap an application. To use it, go to https://start.spring.io/ and generate a new Spring Boot project.

Use the below details in the Spring boot creation:

Project Name: springboot-blog-rest-api

Project Type: Maven

Choose dependencies: Spring Web, Lombok, Spring Data JPA, Spring Security, Dev Tools and MySQL Driver

Package name: net.javaguides.springboot

Packaging: Jar

Download the Spring Boot project as a zip file, unzip it and import it into your favourite IDE.

2. Maven Dependencies

Here is the pom.xml file for your reference:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>3.0.0</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.springboot.blog</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot-blog-rest-api</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springboot-blog-rest-api</name>
	<description>Spring boot blog application rest api&apos;s</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>17</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

3. Configure MySQL Database

Let's first create a database in MySQL server using the below command:

create database myblog

Since we’re using MySQL as our database, we need to configure the database URL, username, and password so that Spring can establish a connection with the database on startup. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file and add the following properties to it:

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myblog?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = root

# hibernate properties
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

logging.level.org.springframework.security=DEBUG

Don’t forget to change the spring.datasource.username and spring.datasource.password as per your MySQL installation. 

You don’t need to create any tables. The tables will automatically be created by Hibernate from the Employee entity that we will define in the next step. This is made possible by the property spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update.

4. Model Layer - Create JPA Entities 

In this step, we will create User and Role JPA entities and establish MANY-to-MANY relationships between them. Let's use JPA annotations to establish MANY-to-MANY relationships between User and Role entities.

User JPA Entity

package com.springboot.blog.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import jakarta.persistence.*;
import java.util.Set;

@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "users", uniqueConstraints = {
        @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"username"}),
        @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"email"})
})
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String password;

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinTable(name = "user_roles",
        joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", referencedColumnName = "id"),
        inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "role_id", referencedColumnName = "id"))
    private Set<Role> roles;
}

Role JPA Entity

package com.springboot.blog.entity;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

import jakarta.persistence.*;

@Setter
@Getter
@Entity
@Table(name = "roles")
public class Role {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long id;

    @Column(length = 60)
    private String name;
}

5. Repository Layer

UserRepository

package com.springboot.blog.repository;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Example;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import java.util.Optional;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);
    Optional<User> findByUsernameOrEmail(String username, String email);
    Optional<User> findByUsername(String username);
    Boolean existsByUsername(String username);
    Boolean existsByEmail(String email);
}

RoleRepository

package com.springboot.blog.repository;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.Role;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import java.util.Optional;

public interface RoleRepository extends JpaRepository<Role, Long> {
    Optional<Role> findByName(String name);
}

6. Service Layer - CustomUserDetailsService

Let's write a logic to load user details by name or email from the database. 

Let's create a CustomUserDetailsService which implements the UserDetailsService interface ( Spring security in-build interface) and provides an implementation for the loadUserByUername() method:

import com.springboot.blog.entity.User;
import com.springboot.blog.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@Service
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

    private UserRepository userRepository;

    public CustomUserDetailsService(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String usernameOrEmail) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
          User user = userRepository.findByUsernameOrEmail(usernameOrEmail, usernameOrEmail)
                 .orElseThrow(() ->
                         new UsernameNotFoundException("User not found with username or email: "+ usernameOrEmail));

        Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities = user
                .getRoles()
                .stream()
                .map((role) -> new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName())).collect(Collectors.toSet());

        return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getEmail(),
                user.getPassword(),
                authorities);
    }
}

Spring Security uses the UserDetailsService interface, which contains the loadUserByUsername(String username) method to look up UserDetails for a given username. 

The UserDetails interface represents an authenticated user object and Spring Security provides an out-of-the-box implementation of org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User. 

7. Spring Security Configuration

Let's create a class SecurityConfig and add the following configuration to it:

package com.springboot.blog.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.Customizer;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.configuration.AuthenticationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;

@Configuration
@EnableMethodSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    public SecurityConfig(UserDetailsService userDetailsService){
        this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
    }

    @Bean
    public static PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(
                                 AuthenticationConfiguration configuration) throws Exception {
        return configuration.getAuthenticationManager();
    }

    @Bean
    SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

        http.csrf().disable()
                .authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) ->
                        //authorize.anyRequest().authenticated()
                        authorize.requestMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/**").permitAll()
                                .requestMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
                                .anyRequest().authenticated()

                );

        return http.build();
    }
}

In Spring Security 5.6, we can enable annotation-based security using the @EnableMethodSecurity annotation on any @Configuration instance. @EnableMethodSecurity enables @PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize, @PreFilter, and @PostFilter by default.

We are allowing anyone to access login REST API with the below security configuration:

authorize.requestMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/**").permitAll()

We are using the Spring security provided BCryptPasswordEncoder class to encrypt the passwords.

8. DTO or Payload Classes

Let's create DTO classes to transfer data or payload between client and server and vice-versa.

LoginDto

package com.springboot.blog.payload;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class LoginDto {
    private String usernameOrEmail;
    private String password;
}

SignUpDto

package com.springboot.blog.payload;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class SignUpDto {
    private String name;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String password;
}

9. Controller Layer - Login/Sign-in and Register/SignUp REST APIs

Now it's time to code Login/Sign-in and Register/SignUp REST APIs. Let's create a class AuthController and add the following code to it:

package com.springboot.blog.controller;

import com.springboot.blog.entity.Role;
import com.springboot.blog.entity.User;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.LoginDto;
import com.springboot.blog.payload.SignUpDto;
import com.springboot.blog.repository.RoleRepository;
import com.springboot.blog.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Collections;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Autowired
    private RoleRepository roleRepository;

    @Autowired
    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

    @PostMapping("/signin")
    public ResponseEntity<String> authenticateUser(@RequestBody LoginDto loginDto){
        Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                loginDto.getUsernameOrEmail(), loginDto.getPassword()));

        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        return new ResponseEntity<>("User signed-in successfully!.", HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @PostMapping("/signup")
    public ResponseEntity<?> registerUser(@RequestBody SignUpDto signUpDto){

        // add check for username exists in a DB
        if(userRepository.existsByUsername(signUpDto.getUsername())){
            return new ResponseEntity<>("Username is already taken!", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        }

        // add check for email exists in DB
        if(userRepository.existsByEmail(signUpDto.getEmail())){
            return new ResponseEntity<>("Email is already taken!", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        }

        // create user object
        User user = new User();
        user.setName(signUpDto.getName());
        user.setUsername(signUpDto.getUsername());
        user.setEmail(signUpDto.getEmail());
        user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(signUpDto.getPassword()));

        Role roles = roleRepository.findByName("ROLE_ADMIN").get();
        user.setRoles(Collections.singleton(roles));

        userRepository.save(user);

        return new ResponseEntity<>("User registered successfully", HttpStatus.OK);

    }
}

Login/Sign in REST API:

    @PostMapping("/signin")
    public ResponseEntity<String> authenticateUser(@RequestBody LoginDto loginDto){
        Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                loginDto.getUsernameOrEmail(), loginDto.getPassword()));

        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        return new ResponseEntity<>("User signed-in successfully!.", HttpStatus.OK);
    }

Register/SignUp REST API:

    @PostMapping("/signup")
    public ResponseEntity<?> registerUser(@RequestBody SignUpDto signUpDto){

        // add check for username exists in a DB
        if(userRepository.existsByUsername(signUpDto.getUsername())){
            return new ResponseEntity<>("Username is already taken!", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        }

        // add check for email exists in DB
        if(userRepository.existsByEmail(signUpDto.getEmail())){
            return new ResponseEntity<>("Email is already taken!", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        }

        // create user object
        User user = new User();
        user.setName(signUpDto.getName());
        user.setUsername(signUpDto.getUsername());
        user.setEmail(signUpDto.getEmail());
        user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(signUpDto.getPassword()));

        Role roles = roleRepository.findByName("ROLE_ADMIN").get();
        user.setRoles(Collections.singleton(roles));

        userRepository.save(user);

        return new ResponseEntity<>("User registered successfully", HttpStatus.OK);

    }

10. Run Spring Boot Application

We have successfully developed Login and Registration Rest APIs.

Now, it's time to deploy our application in a servlet container(embedded tomcat). 

There are two ways we can start the standalone Spring boot application. 

1. From the root directory of the application, type the following command to run it -

$ mvn spring-boot:run

2. From your IDE, run the Application.main() method as a standalone Java class that will start the embedded Tomcat server on port 8080 and point the browser to http://localhost:8080/.

Important

Once you start the Spring boot application, make sure that you add the role ROLE_ADMIN record in the roles table.

Execute the below INSERT SQL statements to add the ROLE_ADMIN role to the roles database table:

INSERT INTO roles VALUES('ROLE_ADMIN');

11. Test using Postman

Refer to the below screenshots to test Login and Registration REST API using Postman:

SignUp REST API:

SignIn/Login REST API:

GitHub Repository

https://github.com/RameshMF/springboot-blog-rest-api

Udemy Course

Building Real-Time REST APIs with Spring Boot and Deploy on AWS Cloud

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• Spring Security In-Memory Authentication

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• Difference Between Basic Authentication and Form Based Authentication

• Spring Security Custom Login Page

• Spring Security Login Form Example with Database Authentication
  

• Spring Boot Login REST API

• Login and Registration REST API using Spring Boot, Spring Security, Hibernate, and MySQL Database

• Spring Boot User Registration and Login Example Tutorial

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